Gasoline Direct Injection Engine Emissions of OC and EC: Laboratory Comparisons with Port Fuel Injection Engine

To better understand carbonaceous aerosol emissions from gasoline vehicles, a direct injection (GDI) vehicle with and without particle filter (GPF) installed port fuel (PFI) were tested on chassis dynamometer using standard emission drive cycles. Carbonaceous particles emitted the vehicles collected quartz filters analyzed three different thermal optical protocols to assess sensitivity of organic carbon (OC) elemental (EC) estimates methods, showing OC obtained by IMPROVE EC NIOSH protocol was lowest. Compared PFI vehicle, GDI had higher under cold-start cycles 1415% 46%, respectively. However, than during an aggressive driving cycle 146%. By considering behind Teflon filter, found be more volatile vehicle. This is consistent forming characteristics for engines, which are pyrolyzed incomplete combustion volatilization droplets, Generally, phase engines other sources (e.g., biomass burning), supported very low level (POC) small differences among in current study. Once equipped GPF, removal efficiency > 98%, but could increase as result regeneration, suggesting that effect GPF total atmosphere needs further evaluation, especially formation secondary aerosol.